春雨惊春清谷天，夏满芒夏暑相连，
秋处露秋寒霜降，冬雪雪冬小大寒。
Rain and thunder startle valleys and the sky in spring.
It gets hot and heat accumulates in summer.
It gets cool, and dew and frost appear in autumn.
It gets very cold and snows in winter.
四季更迭，岁序流转，
The seasons alternate with each passing year.
二十四节气是人与自然和谐共生的律动，
也是中华民族宝贵的文化遗产。
24 solar terms are the rhymes of harmonious coexistence between man and nature and also the precious cultural heritage of the Chinese nation.
在传统文物中，也蕴藏着古人的时令智慧。
万物生、长、化、收、藏的秘密，尽在其中。
The traditional cultural relics contain not only wisdom of the ancients about changing natural phenomena, but also the secrets about coming into being, growing, changing, absorbing and storing.
请欣赏“博物知时节”二十四节气海报，
Now let us read a poster about 24 solar terms of “Knowing Seasons and Solar Terms by Observing Natural Phenomena”.
让我们在文物与节气的对话中，
共溯藏在历史细节中的传统节俗，
感受流转千年的楚韵之美。
Let us jointly explore the festivals and folk customs hidden in the historical details
and enjoy the festivals and folk customs of Hubei that have been passed on for over one thousand years.
立春，公历2月3-5日交节，中国24节气中的第1个节气。一候东风解冻，二候蛰虫始振，三候鱼陟负冰。
"Start of Spring", the 1st solar term in the 24 solar terms, begins on February 3, 4 or 5 in the Gregorian calendar. First pentad: East wind begins the thaw. Second pentad: Dormant insects become active. Third pentad: Fishes go up to ice.
明代白玉鹘捕鹅带，出土于梁庄王墓，是迄今为止发现的唯一一条完整的鹘捕鹅玉带。鹘是辽金元时期倍受尊崇的一种猎鹰，鹘捕鹅，意思是在春天狩猎，鹘捕鹅主题的玉饰也被称为“春水玉”。当大地开始解冻，蛰虫逐渐苏醒，鹘鹰开始捕鹅，立春悄然而至。
The jade belt of the Ming Dynasty with a picture of “A Falcon Catching a Swan” unearthed at the tomb of King Liangzhuang of the Ming Dynasty is the only discovered complete jade belt with a picture of “A Falcon Catching a Swan”. The falcon was widely revered and respected in the Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties. “A Falcon Catching a Swan” implied hunting in spring. The jade belt themed “A Falcon Catching a Swan” was also called “Spring Water Jade Belt”. When frozen ground begins to thaw, dormant insects begin to wake and falcons begin to catch swans, "Start of Spring" silently comes.
雨水，公历2月18-20日交节，中国24节气中的第2个节气。一候獭祭鱼，二候鸿雁来，三候草木萌动。
"Rain Water", the 2nd solar term in the 24 solar terms, begins on February 18, 19 or 20 in the Gregorian calendar. First pentad: Otters catch fishes. Second pentad: Birds fly south. Third pentad: Grass and trees sprout.
宋代青白瓷托盏，施青白釉，泛湖绿，除外底外，内外壁满施釉。清新典雅的青白色，好似春风化雨的雨水时节，那一碧雨后晴空。
The bluish white porcelain tea cup and saucer set made in the Song Dynasty on which bluish white glaze was applied was light green. Glaze was applied on the inner and outer walls of the whole bluish white porcelain tea cup and saucer set except the outer bottom. The fresh and elegant bluish white seems like both a rain season vitalizing things and the clear sky after a rain.
惊蛰，公历3月5-7日交节，中国24节气中的第3个节气。一候桃始华，二候仓庚鸣，三候鹰化为鸠。
"Awakening of Insects", the 3rd solar term in the 24 solar terms, begins on March 5, 6 or 7 in the Gregorian calendar. First pentad: Peach trees began to blossom. Second pentad: Orioles begin to chirp. Third pentad: Hawks become doves.
崇阳铜鼓，是我国目前所见最早的铜鼓，也是国内保存的唯一一件商代至西周早期的铜鼓。惊蛰时节，春气萌动，春雷如声声鼓点，惊醒了群芳，奏响仲春的序曲。
The Chongyang Bronze Drum is the earliest one of the bronze drums that have been discovered so far in China. It is also the only bronze drum that was made during the period from the Shang Dynasty to the early Western Zhou Dynasty and is preserved in China. In the solar term of "Awakening of Insects", spring breeze brings things warmth and vitalizes them, and spring thunder sounds like a beaten drum, awakens all living things and signals the start of the second month of spring.
春分，公历3月20-22日交节，中国24节气中的第4个节气。一候元鸟至，二候雷乃发声，三候始电。
"Vernal Equinox", the 4th solar term in the 24 solar terms, begins on March 20, 21 or 22 in the Gregorian calendar. First pentad: Swallows come. Second pentad: Thunder begins to be heard. Third pentad: Lightning begins to be seen.
青玉镂空荷叶鸳鸯配饰，出土于梁庄王墓。器物造型很美，在一张雕出的荷叶上，两只鸳鸯正在亲亲相吻。春分时节，正是旖旎春光中，鸳鸯戏水时。
The pierced sapphire accessory with two mandarin ducks on a lotus leaf was unearthed at the tomb of King Liangzhuang of the Ming Dynasty. The relief on the ware showed two mandarin ducks kissing each other on a lotus leaf and looked very beautiful. "Vernal Equinox" is a warm and charming time period of spring and the right time for mandarin ducks to play in water.
清明，公历4月4-6日交节，中国24节气中的第5个节气。一候桐始华，二候田鼠化为鴽，三候虹始见。
"Pure Brightness", the 5th solar term in the 24 solar terms, begins on April 4, 5 or 6 in the Gregorian calendar. First pentad: Tung trees begin to blossom. Second pentad: Quails instead of field mice are frequently seen. Third pentad: Rainbows begin to be seen.
笙属匏类乐器，匏即葫芦。曾侯乙墓出土的这件彩漆笙笙斗，是目前所见中国匏制笙中最早的实物。清明时节，梨花风起，望以笙乐寄哀思，共话清明微雨时。
The sheng is a gourd-type music instrument. This bottom of the sheng with a color coating was unearthed at the tomb of King Yi of Zeng State and the sheng is the earliest one of the real gourd shengs that have been discovered so far in China. In the period of "Pure Brightness", it often drizzles, the atmosphere is full of pear blossom fragrance and the music produced by the instrument sheng arouses sad memories of the deceased.
谷雨，公历4月19-21日交节 ，中国24节气中的第6个节气。一候萍始生，二候鸣鸠拂其羽，三候为戴胜降于桑。
"Grain Rain", the 6th solar term in the 24 solar terms, begins on April 19, 20 or 21 in the Gregorian calendar. First pentad: Duckweed begins to appear. Second pentad: Tweeting doves begin to comb their feathers. Third pentad: Hoopoes begin to perch in mulberry trees.
谷雨时节，牡丹正盛。花朵纤美色雅，见者怡情悦性。透过这件元代牡丹纹塔式盖瓶，似乎能感受到谷雨的芳菲春意。
Peonies fully bloom in the period of "Grain Rain". Peony flowers look very beautiful and their colors are elegant. People feel relaxed and cheerful when they see the flowers. They seem to be able to feel the warmth and atmosphere of spring by observing the tower-shaped bottle cover of the Yuan Dynasty with a peony pattern.
立夏，公历5月5-7日交节，中国24节气中的第7个节气。一候蝼蝈鸣，二候蚯蚓出，三候王瓜生。
"Start of Summer", the 7th solar term in the 24 solar terms, begins on May 5, 6 or 7 in the Gregorian calendar. First pentad: Mole crickets begin to chirp. Second pentad: Earthworms begin to be seen. Third pentad: Yam beans begin to grow fast.
蜻蜓眼式料珠，出土于曾侯乙墓，是以眼睛图案作为装饰的玻璃珠，类似蜻蜓的复眼。夏日晴空，水面幽静，小荷初放，蜻蜓漫舞，轻快的气息扑面而来。
The dragonfly-eye translucent beads were unearthed at the tomb of King Yi of Zeng State. They are glass beads with a dragonfly eye pattern and they look like compound eyes of dragonflies. The picture shows a summer scene: the clear sky, still water surfaces, small lotus flowers that have just bloomed, flying dragonflies and a pleasant atmosphere.
小满，公历5月20-22日交节，中国24节气中的第8个节气。一候苦菜秀，二候靡草死，三候小暑至。
"Grain Buds", the 8th solar term in the 24 solar terms, begins on May 20, 21 or 22 in the Gregorian calendar. First pentad: Bitter herbs become available. Second pentad: Sciophilous grasses die. Third pentad: It becomes slightly hot.
小满时节，麦粒饱满，蚕结新茧。明代《蚕织图》细腻传神地描绘了劳动者蚕织的场景。古人的农业生产智慧启示我们：插秧好时节，莫忘祭蚕神。
Wheat grains become full and silkworms spin their cocoons in the period of "Grain Buds". The Silkworm Weaving Picture of the Ming Dynasty vividly depicted the human silk production scene in detail. The agricultural production wisdom of the ancients told us to worship the silkworm god in the rice seedling transplanting period.
芒种，公历6月5-7日交节，中国24节气中的第9个节气。一候螳螂生，二候鵙始鸣，三候反舌无声。
"Grain in Ear", the 9th solar term in the 24 solar terms, begins on June 5, 6 or 7 in the Gregorian calendar. First pentad: Mantises begin to appear. Second pentad: Shrikes begin to tweet. Third pentad: Mockingbirds become quiet.
芒种，忙种，正是一年中农事最繁忙的时候。此时节，麦当收，稻当种。农人挥舞着铜镰刀，在希望的田野上收割。人生大事，不过一“收”一“种”。
"Grain in Ear" is agriculturally the busiest solar term in a year. Wheat must be harvested and rice must be planted in the term. Farmers harvest in the field using their bronze sickles. The two most important events of the farmers are “harvesting” and “planting”.
夏至，公历6月21-22日交节，中国24节气中的第10个节气。一候鹿角解，二候蝉始鸣，三候半夏生。
"Summer Solstice", the 10th solar term in the 24 solar terms, begins on June 21 or 22 in the Gregorian calendar. First pentad: Antlers fall off the head. Second pentad: Cicadas begin to tweet. Third pentad: Pinellia ternate begins to grow.
夏至荷花塘中开，几许清韵幽幽来。清代斗彩缠枝莲纹碗，纹饰繁缛，色彩艳丽，可见古人盛夏赏莲的雅趣。
Lotus flowers bloom in ponds, and an elegant and harmonious atmosphere leisurely appears in the period of "Summer Solstice". The doucai color bowl with an intertwining twig and lotus pattern made in the Qing Dynasty had overelaborate ornamentation and beautiful colors, which reflected the ancients’ elegant taste of admiring lotus flowers in the period of "Summer Solstice".
小暑，公历7月6-8日交节，中国24节气中的第11个节气。一候温风至，二候蟋蟀居宇，三候鹰始鸷。
"Minor Heat", the 11th solar term in the 24 solar terms, begins on July 6, 7 or 8 in the Gregorian calendar. First pentad: Hot wind begins to blow. Second pentad: Crickets begin to live under buildings. Third pentad: Hawks stay high in the air.
青瓷蛙绞水注，西晋时期的一件文物。炎炎盛夏，火伞高张，何以消暑？听蛙响，嗅荷香，小暑揽风，心静自然凉。
The celadon frog-shaped water dropper is a cultural relic made in the Western Jin Dynasty. How to relieve summer heat when the sun is shining fiercely in midsummer? Hear frogs croak, smell lotus flowers and enjoy cool winds in the period of "Minor Heat". A calm heart keeps you cool.
大暑，公历7月22-24日交节，中国24节气中的第12个节气。一候腐草为萤，二候土润溽暑，三候大雨时行。
"Major Heat", the 12th solar term in the 24 solar terms, begins on July 22, 23 or 24 in the Gregorian calendar. First pentad: Rotten grasses become fireflies. Second pentad: Soil is wet and air is wet and hot. Third pentad: Heavy rain sometimes.
战国铜鉴缶，出土于曾侯乙墓。“鉴”本来是水器或浴器，这里与“缶”组成了一套复合酒器。使用时，“缶”盛酒，放置在“鉴”内，两者之间的空隙，在夏季用冰来填充，用来冰酒，可誉为“人类最早的冰箱”。到了冬季，则在这个空隙之间盛装温水，用来温酒。这样就可以喝到“冬暖夏凉”的酒了，足以见古人的智慧。
The bronze container and liquor vessel made in the Warring States Period was unearthed at the tomb of King Yi of Zeng State. The container was originally a water container or a bath. It was combined with a liquor vessel and they were used to store liquor. When the bronze container and liquor vessel is used, the liquor vessel holds liquor and it is placed in the container. The gap between the two was filled with ice in summer to cool liquor. Therefore, the bronze container and liquor vessel can be regarded as “the earliest refrigerator of mankind”. The gap between the container and the liquor vessel was filled with warm water in winter to warm liquor. Thus, the ancients could drink warm liquor in winter and cool liquor in summer, which reflected wisdom of the ancients.
立秋，公历8月7-9日交节，中国24节气中的第13个节气。一候凉风至，二候白露生，三候寒蝉鸣。
"Start of Autumn", the 13th solar term in the 24 solar terms, begins on August 7, 8 or 9 in the Gregorian calendar. First pentad: Cool wind begins to blow. Second pentad: White dew begins to appear. Third pentad: Cicadas begin to chirp.
玉蝉是石家河文化玉器中最多的一种，因蝉能够蜕变，在古人眼中象征着再生或升华。“暑退蝉鸣迎立秋”，立秋已至，暑热即将过去，凉爽已不远了。
The number of the jade cicadas is highest among the jade wares of Shijiahe Culture. Because cicadas could transform into another state, the jade cicada symbolized regeneration or sublimation in the eyes of the ancients. “Weather becomes cooler and cicadas begin to chirp when "Start of Autumn" is approaching. Summer heat is becoming weaker and weaker and cool days are approaching.
处暑，公历8月22-24日交节，中国24节气中的第14个节气。一候鹰乃祭鸟，二候天地始肃，三候禾乃登。
"Limit of Heat", the 14th solar term in the 24 solar terms, begins on August 22, 23 or 24 in the Gregorian calendar. First pentad: Hawks actively hunt birds. Second pentad: Things begin to be on the wane. Third pentad: Crops begin to mature.
玉叶组佩，是古时用来节制女子仪态的“玉禁步”，它是由玉雕刻的片片树叶，和玉、玛瑙雕成的各种动植物、果实组成的串饰。好似风铃的造型灵动别致，让人不禁联想到处暑已至，风吹叶动，暑气渐消，宁静美好。
The jade leaf pendant was the jade pendant used by females in ancient times to regulate bearings of females. The jade leaf pendant is a string ornament consisting of incised tree leaves, and incised jade or agate animals, plants and fruits. The wind-bell-shaped structure is especially flexible and unusual. It causes people to think that "Limit of Heat" is approaching, wind is blowing, leaves are moving, heat is gradually disappearing and the weather is approving.
白露，公历9月7-9日交节，中国24节气中的第15个节气。一候鸿雁来，二候玄鸟归，三候群鸟养羞。
"White Dew", the 15th solar term in the 24 solar terms, begins on September 7, 8 or 9 in the Gregorian calendar. First pentad: Swan Geese begin to go south. Second pentad: Swallows begin to fly south. Third pentad: Birds begin to store food.
白露之后，候鸟开始了迁徙之路。这件西周早期的鸟形玉佩，青色玉质，局部有沁，栩栩如生。白露的物候都与鸟有关，人们在鸟的迁来与归去中，感悟着季节的更替。
Migratory birds begin to migrate after "White Dew". The bird-shaped jade pendant was made in the early period of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The jade pendant is blue, some part of it contains water and the bird looks like a real one. People can feel the alternation of seasons by observing migrating birds.
秋分，公历9月22-24日交节，中国24节气中的第16个节气。一候雷始收声，二候蛰虫坯户，三候水始涸。
"Autumnal Equinox", the 16th solar term in the 24 solar terms, begins on September 22, 23 or 24. First pentad: Thunder stops. Second pentad: Insects close openings of nests. Third pentad: Water vapor gradually diminishes.
粉彩过枝花果纹盘，彩蝶生动逼真，果实鲜艳欲滴。秋分时节是丰收的时节，果实挂满枝头，希望的田野处处是金色的画卷。
The rose plate with a pattern of flowers and fruits over walls contains a vivid color picture and the fruits look very fresh. The period of "Autumnal Equinox" is the harvest period. Branches are full of fruits. The field of hope is as beautiful as a golden picture.
寒露，公历10月8-9日交节，中国24节气中的第17个节气。一候鸿雁来宾，二候雀入水为蛤，三候菊有黄华。
"Cold Dew", the 17th solar term in the 24 solar terms, begins on October 8 or 9 in the Gregorian calendar. First pentad: Swan geese migrate south. Second pentad: Small birds dive into sea and become clams. Third pentad: Chrysanthemum is in blossom.
青白玉镂空秋山饰是辽金元时期的饰品。文献称鹘捕鹅图案为“春水之饰”，虎鹿山林图案为“秋山之饰”。此玉即是“秋山玉”。一夜寒露为山河换了秋妆，正是一年秋色最美时！
The bluish white jade pierced autumn mountain ornament is an ornament made in the period of the Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties. The picture of “A Falcon Catching a Swan” was called “Spring Water Ornament” and the picture of “Tigers and Deer on Mountains” was called “Autumn Mountain Ornament”. This jade ornament is the “Autumn Mountain Ornament”. Cold dew appears at night, which changes the looks of mountains and rivers into their autumnal looks. "Cold Dew" is the autumnal period with the most beautiful autumnal sceneries in a year!
霜降，公历10月23-24日交节，中国24节气中的第18个节气。一候豺乃祭兽，二候草木黄落，三候蜇虫咸俯。
"Frost's Descent", the 18th solar term in the 24 solar terms, begins on October 23 or 24 in the Gregorian calendar. First pentad: Jackals store food. Second pentad: Tree leaves begin to wither and fall. Third pentad: Insects stay inactive in nests.
元青花四爱图梅瓶，腹部四个菱形的开光内描绘了四个人物故事，其中“陶渊明爱菊”十分契合霜降时节赏菊饮酒的秋日雅事。
Stories about four characters are depicted on the four diamond-shaped surfaces on the middle part of the blue and white long bottle with a 4-favorite picture, including the story that Tao Yuanming drank liquor while he admired the beauty of chrysanthemum in the period of "Frost's Descent".
立冬，公历11月7-8日交节，中国24节气中的第19个节气。一候水始冰，二候地始冻，三候雉入大水为蜃。
"Start of Winter", the 19th solar term in the 24 solar terms, begins on November 7 or 8 in the Gregorian calendar. First pentad: Water may freeze Second pentad: Land begins to freeze. Third pentad: Birds dive into sea and become big clams.
彩绘牛马鸟纹漆扁壶，是古代的酒具。漫漫冬夜，一壶浊酒喜相逢，古今多少事，都付笑谈中，这是中国式的浪漫与豁达。
The painted colorful flat kettle with a cattle-horse-bird pattern was a liquor ware in ancient times. Friends happily met and drank unstrained liquor, talking about various affairs and heartily laughing. This was the Chinese-type romance and generosity.
小雪，公历11月22-23日交节，中国24节气中的第20个节气。一候虹藏不见，二候天气上升地气下降，三候闭塞而成冬。
"Minor Snow", the 20th solar term in the 24 solar terms, begins on November 22 or 23 in the Gregorian calendar. First pentad: Rain bows can’t be seen. Second pentad: Yang qi goes up and yin qi goes down. Third pentad: Qi is blocked and winter forms.
铜炭盆是战国早期文物，古人用来烧炭取暖、烹制烤肉。细雪如絮的日子里，邀上三两好友，起炉把盏，燎炭烹肉，别有一番滋味。
The bronze charcoal brazier is a cultural relic made in the early period of the Warring States Period. The ancients used it to burn charcoal, get warmth and cook meat. It is a special pleasure to invite two or three friends to my home, light a stove, hold cups and drink liquor while boiling pork over a charcoal burner.
大雪，公历12月6-8日交节，中国24节气中的第21个节气。一候鹖鴠不鸣，二候虎始交，三候荔挺出。
"Major Snow", the 21st solar term in the 24 solar terms, begins on December 6, 7 or 8 in the Gregorian calendar. First pentad: Winter-cry birds stop tweeting. Second pentad: Tigers begin to court. Third pentad: Litting begins to bud.
仿松雪山水图 扇，作者是徐枋，是一件字画文物。大雪节气到来，碎琼烂玉点缀着山道和青松，让人感受着大雪节气里的诗情画意。
The painting on the fan with the landscape painting imitating Songxue’s painting was created by Xu Fang. The fan is a cultural relic of the calligraphy and painting category. Mountain paths and green pines covered with snow flakes make people see the poetic and pictorial splendor of the solar term of "Major Snow" when "Major Snow" is approaching.
冬至，公历12月21-23日交节，中国24节气中的第22个节气。一候蚯蚓结，二候糜角解，三候水泉动。
"Winter Solstice", the 22nd solar term in the 24 solar terms, begins on December 21, 22 or 23 in the Gregorian calendar. First pentad: Earthworms curl up. Second pentad: Horns of elks begin to fall off. Third pentad: Spring water begins to flow.
彩旗木雕梅花鹿是战国早期文物。古人把“麋角解”作为冬至的物候。麋鹿的老角开始脱落，新的犄角慢慢长出，万物正厚积着生命的力量，悉心等待着春天的来临。
The painted color sika deer woodcarving is a cultural relic made in the early period of the Warring States Period. The ancients regarded the antler losing phenomenon of moose as the phenology of "Winter Solstice". The old antlers begin to fall and the new antlers begin to grow slowly in the solar term of "Winter Solstice". Things are accumulating the strength of life and waiting for the coming of spring.
小寒，公历1月5-7日交节，中国24节气中的第23个节气。一候雁北乡，二候鹊始巢，三候雉始鸲。
"Minor Cold", the 23rd solar term in the 24 solar terms, begins on January 5, 6 or 7 in the Gregorian calendar. First pentad: Wild geese migrate north. Second pentad: Magpies start nesting. Third pentad: Pheasants start tweeting.
战国青铜器“豕鑐鼎”，是食器，用于烹煮猪与牛。进入小寒时节，一年中最寒冷的日子已经到来，进补御寒尤为重要。一家人围坐一起，炖一桌暖食，围炉谈笑，好不惬意！
The pork boiling tripod is a bronze ware made in the Warring States Period. It was used to cook pork and beef. It is especially important to eat nutritious food to keep out the cold when "Minor Cold" is approaching, that is, the coldest time of the year is coming. It is a very pleasant thing for all the family members to sit around a table, eat warm food and get warmth from a stove!
大寒，公历1月20-21日交节，中国24节气中的第24个节气。一候鸡乳，二候征鸟厉疾，三候水泽腹坚。
"Major Cold", the 24th solar term in the 24 solar terms, begins on January 20 or 21 in the Gregorian calendar. First pentad: Hens start hatching eggs. Second pentad: Birds of prey become swifter. Third pentad: Even lake centers become solidly frozen.
这件金壶出土于梁庄王墓。金壶盛美酒，在明朝初年，这是只有王公贵族和高级官员才能够使用的黄金器皿。大寒时节，温酒同酌，暖茶相伴，冬天就要过去，春天还会远吗？
This gold kettle was unearthed at the tomb of King Liangzhuang of the Ming Dynasty. It was used to hold good liquor. This kind of gold wares can only be used by kings, princes, aristocrats and senior officials in the early years of the Ming Dynasty. The kettle was used to warm liquor and tea in the period of "Major Cold". If winter leaves soon, can spring be far behind?
来源：长江云